Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is a sudden and life-threatening condition in which the heart unexpectedly stops beating. When this occurs, blood flow to the brain and other vital organs comes to an immediate halt, leading to unconsciousness and, if not treated within minutes, death. Unlike a heart attack, which involves a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, cardiac arrest is primarily an electrical malfunction that disrupts the heart’s ability to pump effectively.
The most common cause of cardiac arrest is an arrhythmia known as ventricular fibrillation, where the heart’s electrical activity becomes chaotic and prevents it from contracting properly. Other causes can include severe heart disease, trauma, drug overdose, or drowning. Without rapid intervention, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause irreversible brain damage within minutes.
Immediate treatment is critical. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) helps maintain blood flow temporarily, while defibrillation—delivering a controlled electric shock to the heart—can restore a normal rhythm. Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are often available in public places and can be used by bystanders in emergencies.
Survival from cardiac arrest depends heavily on how quickly help is provided. Public awareness, rapid emergency response, and access to defibrillators are key to improving outcomes. Cardiac arrest remains a leading cause of death worldwide, underscoring the importance of early recognition and prompt action.