Groundbreaking visualization of atomic movements

The result is a new method which makes it possible to identify and locate the individual atoms in the nanoparticle, even if they are vibrating and moving.

Until now, atoms in nanoparticles have been expected to be static during observations. But the researchers' analyses of 3D atomic-scale images demonstrated that the original expectation is not sufficient. Instead, the researchers revealed a dynamic behavior of the atoms using a new analytical method.

In their work, the researchers have chosen to use a well-known catalytic nanoparticle material, namely molybdenum disulfide. Since the atomic structure of the material is well-known, it provided a good basis for interpreting the research group's 3D atomic-resolved images compiled using the unique TEAM 0.5 electron microscope at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which offers the highest picometre-scale resolution in the world.

The new method is described and published in the journal Nature Communications.

New model ensures identification of atoms

The mathematical model makes it possible to identify the individual atoms in the nanoparticle, even if they are moving. The model measures both the intensity and width of the atoms in the images.

"Until now, determining which atom we are observing has been challenging due to blurring caused by the oscillations of the atoms. However, by factoring in the oscillations, we can more accurately identify, for example, the location of individual sulphur or molybdenum atoms," says Professor Stig Helveg, DTU Physics, who is part of the research group.

The new model also makes it possible to correct alterations of the nanoparticles in the form of oscillations resulting from the illumination of energetic electrons in the electron microscope. It will thus make it possible to focus on the chemical information hidden in the images atom by atom -- and this is the essense of the research.

Next step is measuring function

The researchers hope that the new groundbreaking model will find use by other researchers within their field. The model will also provide a basis for the work of Stig Helveg's new basic research centre at DTU, VISION.

Here, the focus will be on going one step beyond by combining the atomic-resolved images with measurements of the catalytic properties of the nanoparticles. The knowledge produced will contribute to the development of nanoparticles for catalytic processes as part of the transition to sustainable energy.

Members of the international research group behind the new imaging model are Fu-Rong Chen from City University Hong Kong, Dirk van Dyck from the University of Antwerp, Christian Kisielowski and Bastian Barton from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lars P. Hansen from Haldor Topsoe A/S, and Stig Helveg from DTU.