Wearable technology can help in at-home assessment of myoclonic jerks

Patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (EPM1) suffer from myoclonus, i.e., sudden muscle jerks that are activated by movement and other stimuli. The severity of these myoclonic jerks varies during the day, and myoclonus can be either positive or negative. A positive myoclonus refers to a sudden contraction of a muscle, while a negative myoclonus refers to loss of muscle activation, which in a worst-case scenario may lead to the fall of a patient, for example. A method for long-term, at-home assessment of myoclonus would facilitate a comprehensive understanding of its occurrence. Objective measurement data on the occurrence of myoclonic symptoms and on the effect of treatment over hours and days would also support the development of new drug therapies. Myoclonus also occurs in other epileptic syndromes and neurological disorders.

The aim of the recently published study was to develop and test a wearable technology-based method for assessing myoclonus symptoms in the home environment. Patients wore a small, wearable sensor on their arm for 48 hours, which measured their muscle function and movement. They also wrote down their own assessment of the severity of the myoclonus symptom. An algorithm that picks up the occurrence and variation of muscle jerks from the measurement data was developed to evaluate myoclonus symptoms, describing them as a myoclonus index.

In current clinical practice, the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale, UMRS, is used to assess myoclonus symptoms. When using the UMRS, an experienced physician views a video recording and scores the patient's symptoms according to their severity. This UMRS assessment provides information on the occurrence of myoclonus at one point in time. The measurement-based myoclonus index developed in the study correlated well with the UMRS assessment performed by the physician. Patients' at-home measurements showed that the measurement-based myoclonus index was able to detect variation in the occurrence of myoclonus symptoms during the day and night. The reliability of the measurement results was also supported by patients' own, at-home assessment and reporting of their myoclonus symptoms.

According to the study, the myoclonus index can be used to reliably assess positive and negative myoclonus in patients with EPM1. This assessment correlates well with the assessment performed by an experienced physician, and also makes it possible to assess patients' symptoms in the home environment.

The study was carried out as part of the larger New Modalities ecosystem funded by Business Finland, involving three universities and eight companies in Finland. The ecosystem is coordinated by Orion Corporation. The research group working with patients included researchers from the Department of Applied Physics and the Institute of Clinical Medicine at the University of Eastern Finland, as well as from the Epilepsy Centre at Kuopio University Hospital. The ecosystem also collaborates with Adamant Health Ltd., which is a spin-off company of the University of Eastern Finland focusing on software development.