Trapping nanoparticles with optical tweezers

If made available for widespread use, nanoscale optical traps could be used for experimental procedures requiring extreme degrees of precision -- including direct measurements of nanoscale forces, alterations of cell membranes, and manipulations of viruses and DNA strands. Emile and Emile's design was based around 'Arago spots': bright points of light which form in the centres of circular shadows, as light diffracts around the objects creating them. In addition, they relied on the principle of 'total internal reflection' -- where light rays hitting a glass-liquid interface at just the right angle are perfectly reflected.

In the experiment, the duo fired a perfectly aligned laser beam onto the interface between a glass plate, and a liquid containing suspended fluorescent nanoparticles; with an opaque circular disk partially blocking its path. The resulting Arago spot was then totally reflected at the interface, creating an exponentially fading wave which ran out from the spot in all directions. Finally, suspended nanoparticles could be positioned inside this donut shaped wave, and excited by a separate laser to emit light themselves. The resulting forces imparted by these light waves caused the particles to become tightly confined at the Arago spot. With further improvements to this setup, nanoscale optical tweezers could soon open new opportunities for research, in areas ranging from medicine to quantum computing.