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Nano-watch has steady hands

Date:
November 21, 2017
Source:
University of Vienna
Summary:
A new nanomechanical hand shows the time of an electronic clock, by spinning a tiny cylinder using light. A silicon nanorod, less than a thousandth of a millimetre long, can be trapped in thin air using focused laser beams, and spun to follow the ticking of a clock, losing only one-millionth of a second over four days.
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Very regular clocks are essential in our everyday lives. They enable us to navigate, from the marine chronometers used to determine longitude, to GPS. Stable clocks power the Internet, defining the speed with which information can be sent and received.

If your timepiece is very precise, it is easy to detect even small changes to its regularity. By measuring the motion of a physical object which is keeping time, such as the pendulum of a grandfather clock, and comparing it to an electronic reference, then we can detect disturbances, such as vibrations of the case.

In research published in Nature Communications, Stefan Kuhn at the University of Vienna and colleagues have created an amazingly stable, material hand for an electronic clock, realized by the rotations of a micrometre sized silicon cylinder, which is levitated by light. The team use the clock to kick the tiny rotor with pulses of polarized light, causing it to spin one million times a second. "It is amazing that we can take an electronic signal, and use it to perfectly drive the motion of a physical object, without any loss of stability. Our clock only lost one-millionth of a second over four days," says co-author James Millen. Other such tiny mechanical devices are limited in precision through contact with their environment, but when levitated the nano-rotor remains extremely stable for very long times.

Preparing such nanomechanical devices relies on the art of making pristine silicon pillars on a chip, as done in the group of Fernando Patolsky at Tel Aviv University. The Vienna team uses a "laser hammer" to knock out individual rods and traps them in tweezers made of light.

Describing the ensuing dynamics is a theoretical challenge that has been solved by the theoretical physicists Benjamin Stickler and Klaus Hornberger at the University of Duisburg-Essen. The motion of the spinning nano-rod is chaotic, a behaviour also found in weather patterns and road traffic. This may not sound promising for technological application, but it is possible to find islands of calm in the chaos, where the ticking of the nano-hands of the clock become ultrastable.

The ticking of a material, rather than electronic, clock is very sensitive to its environment. This highly accurate, tiny hand of a watch can be used to precisely measure properties of the world on the nanoscale, for instance pressure variations over sub-millimetre distances. The levitated cylinder could be moved through a gas flow to measure turbulence, or through a beam of atoms or light to discern its properties. It may one day even be possible to use this method to test the limits of quantum physics: "At high rotation rates, this is an environmental sensor of stunning precision. At low frequencies it can open a new range of experiments on the quantum mechanics of rotation," says Markus Arndt.


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Materials provided by University of Vienna. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Stefan Kuhn, Benjamin A. Stickler, Alon Kosloff, Fernando Patolsky, Klaus Hornberger, Markus Arndt, James Millen. Optically driven ultra-stable nanomechanical rotor. Nature Communications, 2017; 8 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01902-9

Cite This Page:

University of Vienna. "Nano-watch has steady hands." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 November 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171121132543.htm>.
University of Vienna. (2017, November 21). Nano-watch has steady hands. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 3, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171121132543.htm
University of Vienna. "Nano-watch has steady hands." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171121132543.htm (accessed December 3, 2024).

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