Osteoarthritis: New light shed on how painful joint wear and tear develops

The scientists at the MedUni are in the process of investigating the function of glycobiology in orthopaedic diseases. "Glycobiology is largely unresearched in our specialty, so we at the MedUni Vienna are the first in the world to be doing this on a systematic level," says Tögel. Glycobiology investigates the biological significance of sugar chains for all kinds of cells in the human body.

The cause of osteoarthritis -- other than known risk factors such as age or earlier injury -- is not yet known. The researchers at the MedUni Vienna have discovered, however, that certain proteins known as lectins, and in particular galectins, have a role to play in the painful wear and tear of the joints.

"The more badly worn the cartilage of a joint is, the higher the production of galectins," says Tögel, summarizing the results of the team's findings. "Galectins set off degenerative and inflammatory processes in cartilage cells." In glycobiology, the lectins "translate" the so-called sugar code by docking to sugar chains on the cell surface and triggering a cellular signal. In this case, they cause the unwanted reactions.

These new findings, according to the vision of the MedUni Vienna researchers, could lead to galectins in future being used both in the treatment and, as bio-markers, in the disease prediction of osteoarthritis.