Beating a running personal best could be down to genetics, research reveals

Researchers at the University of Essex discovered less than 31% of people have the unique makeup to make the most of training.

Dr Henry Chung, from School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, found the top performers had a combination of 19 key gene variants -- known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -- linked to running performance.

Following just eight weeks of endurance training they improved by an average of 11.5% and those without the genetic coding showed little or no improvement even when exposed to the exact same training.

This is the first time, in combination, that all these key markers that spark success have been listed together and examined by scientists.

Dr Chung said: "This study supports the fact that genetics play a major part in athletic performance and training responses.

"Whether you are an elite competitor or training for a fun run, your DNA can make a real difference on how much you can push your limits.

"However, it is not all bad news if you lack these -- what really matters is going out, training and being active.

"After all it doesn't really matter what genes are hidden in your body if you are not living an active life and utilising them.

"As they say 'hard work will always beat talent if talent refuses to work hard'."

As part of the study, Dr Chung conducted laboratory and field-based tests, where both men and women aged 20-40 were tracked for two months.

He used the Cooper Test to measure performance -- which the military use to analyse aerobic fitness.

Participants were asked to run as far as they could in 12 minutes by running on a marked track across the eight-week study.

Interestingly, there was a significant positive association the best performers and their gene profiles.

Out of the thousand genes analysed, all top performers had the same variants linked to the 'ACTN3' gene, which is associated with adaptability, speed and power, improved strength and reduces injury.