No strings attached: Maximizing wireless charging efficiency with multiple transmitters
New control strategy dynamically changes transmitter currents for optimal wireless charging in moving devices, such as robots and electric cars
- Date:
- December 5, 2020
- Source:
- Incheon National University
- Summary:
- Scientists have developed a control strategy that allows for transferring power wirelessly through multiple transmitter coils with maximum efficiency. Unlike conventional approaches in which only the transmitter closer to the receiver is active, this novel method dispatches the optimal amount of current to each transmitter, depending on the degree of coupling with the receiver. This technique will help surpass the hurdles of wired charging in electric vehicles and industrial robots.
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Wireless power transfer has proven to be quite useful in electronic devices such as medical implants and smartphones. In most cases, this is done by aligning or "coupling" two separate coils of wire (transmitter Tx and receiver Rx). The electrical current circulating in the Tx coil then creates a magnetic field that transfers energy to the Rx coil. Recently, the use of multiple Txs has been explored, which can cover a wide charging area.
However, although methods for transferring power wirelessly with maximum efficiency have been studied in great detail in single-Tx systems, the same is not true for systems with multiple Tx coils. Maximizing efficiency in the multi-Tx problem is challenging because the Rx could be located anywhere over the surface covered by the Txs, leading to stronger coupling with some and negligible coupling with others. To date, there have been no control schemes that can optimize the currents delivered to each Tx in real time -- until now.
In a study published in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, scientists at Incheon National University, Korea, devised an effective control strategy for maximizing efficiency in multi-Tx wireless charging. They first formulated a theoretical background and found important relationships between many variables in the problem, such as the connection between the degree of coupling of each Tx to the Rx, its "perceived" or "reflected" impedance from the Rx, and the optimal current that should be fed.
With this knowledge, the researchers implemented a novel, maximally efficient, and relatively simpler method for multi-Tx wireless charging. "Our strategy breaks away from the more traditional approach of locating the Rx with a position sensor and only turning on the Tx closest to it," explains Professor Dukju Ahn, "Instead, we found that the coupling degree of each Tx can be measured indirectly in real time through its impedance, allowing us to dynamically adjust the output of each Tx coil to achieve maximum efficiency."
Prof Ahn also stated that although other techniques have been previously published, their performance was assessed by having the Rx stand still on different locations. "Wireless charging technology is aimed for applications involving moving receivers. In this sense, our work is the first to verify the efficiency of a multi-Tx control scheme compatible with a receiver that's actually moving in real time," he remarks.
Wireless charging technology will help remove the hurdles of wired power supplies in many applications. With efficient multi-Tx wireless power transfer, we might be able to do away with the large and heavy batteries that current electric vehicles and industrial robots use, making them cheaper and easier to move.
Let us hope this study energizes further research in this field!
Story Source:
Materials provided by Incheon National University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
- Do-Hyeon Kim, Dukju Ahn. Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking for Multiple-Transmitter Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020; 35 (11): 11391 DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2919293
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