New! Sign up for our free email newsletter.
Science News
from research organizations

Astronauts less likely to faint on Earth if they exercise in space; findings may help others with fainting issues

Date:
July 19, 2019
Source:
American Heart Association
Summary:
Up to two hours of endurance and resistance exercises daily during a long space flight mission, combined with IV fluid replacement after landing, helps astronauts prevent dizziness and fainting during normal activity when they return to Earth. The study findings also have implications for a variety of people with health conditions that cause them to faint when standing up, and people on bed rest for long periods.
Share:
FULL STORY

Nearly 50 years after man's first steps on the moon, researchers have discovered a way that may help astronauts spending prolonged time in space come back to Earth on more stable footing, according to new research in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation.

"One of the biggest problems since the inception of the manned space program has been that astronauts have fainted when they came down to Earth. The longer the time in a gravity-free environment space, the greater the risk appeared," said Benjamin Levine, M.D., the study's senior author who is professor of Exercise Sciences at UT Southwestern Medical Center and director of the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital in Dallas. "This problem has bedeviled the space program for a long time, but this condition is something ordinary people often experience as well."

Orthostatic hypotension is the technical term for a temporary drop in blood pressure when a person stands up after sitting or lying down because blood rushes to the feet, away from the brain. Dizziness or fainting due to changes in blood flow can occur after lengthy bed rest, among people with certain health disorders or, in the case of astronauts, being in a low-gravity environment.

The study included 12 astronauts (eight men and four women age 43-56) who spent about six months in space. All performed individualized endurance and resistance exercise training for up to two hours daily during space flight to prevent cardiovascular, bone and muscle deconditioning. They also received a saline infusion upon landing.

The astronauts' blood pressure was recorded with every heartbeat over each 24-hour period before, during and after their time in space. The researchers found that there was minimal impact on their blood pressure during all phases of measurement and none of the astronauts in the study experienced dizziness or fainting during routine activities 24 hours after landing.

This is the first study to demonstrate that astronauts do not experience dizziness or fainting during routine activity after landing, as long as they participate in certain types of exercise training while in flight and receive IV fluids when they return to earth, said Levine

"What surprised me the most was how well the astronauts did after spending six months in space. I thought there would be frequent episodes of fainting when they returned to Earth, but they didn't have any. It's compelling evidence of the effectiveness of the countermeasures -- the exercise regimen and fluid replenishment," he said.

The researchers note that the sample size was small. Also, they could not clearly distinguish whether specific in-flight blood pressure readings occurred while the astronauts were awake or asleep, so the data were combined and examined over 24-hour periods. Since all the astronauts participated in the exercise regimen and received a saline fluid infusion upon landing, researchers do not know the blood pressure stabilization would have occurred without those measures.

Next, the researchers would like to study larger numbers of astronauts and those who spend longer than six months in space.

"Understanding the physiology of space flight can be helpful for understanding many conditions experienced by non-astronauts. For example, the exercise program our lab developed for the space program is already helping people with a fainting condition known as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)," Levine said. "As we prepare to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing, it's exciting to think of how our exploration in and of space can lead to important medical advances here on Earth."

The study was funded by a NASA grant to Drs. Levine and Bungo.


Story Source:

Materials provided by American Heart Association. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Qi Fu, Shigeki Shibata, Jeffrey L. Hastings, Steven H. Platts, Douglas M. Hamilton, Michael W. Bungo, Michael B. Stenger, Christine Ribeiro, Beverley Adams-Huet, Benjamin D. Levine. Impact of Prolonged Spaceflight on Orthostatic Tolerance During Ambulation, and Blood Pressure Profiles in Astronauts. Circulation, 2019; DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041050

Cite This Page:

American Heart Association. "Astronauts less likely to faint on Earth if they exercise in space; findings may help others with fainting issues." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 19 July 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190719080209.htm>.
American Heart Association. (2019, July 19). Astronauts less likely to faint on Earth if they exercise in space; findings may help others with fainting issues. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190719080209.htm
American Heart Association. "Astronauts less likely to faint on Earth if they exercise in space; findings may help others with fainting issues." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190719080209.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

Explore More

from ScienceDaily

RELATED STORIES