Sustainable, solar-driven chemical manufacturing

The team's work is featured in the inaugural issue of Trends in Chemistry, a review journal published by Cell Press that aims to address major questions across all areas of chemistry. In a paper entitled "Organic Electrosynthesis for Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing," Modestino and NYU Tandon doctoral student Daniela Blanco review the challenges and opportunities facing the global chemical industry amid pressure to decrease carbon emissions.

The technology is employed by the sustainable Nylon startup Sunthetics, launched in 2018 by a team that includes Blanco, Modestino and NYU Tandon graduate Myrian Sbeiti.

The chemical industry commands roughly one quarter of the world's energy demand, mostly in the form of fossil fuel-generated heat needed to drive thermochemical reactions. As the availability of renewable energy soars, organic electrosynthesis -- relying on electricity, not heat, to drive reactions -- can now easily be generated via solar, wind, or other renewable means. Estimates show that up to a third of chemical products -- as well as new products that result from yet-untapped chemical transformations -- could be produced through electrosynthesis.

Modestino identified three major areas where multidisciplinary research could yield solutions to obstacles preventing industrial-scale organic electrosynthesis:

• Boosting the electrochemical stability of the aqueous electrolyte solutions upon which electrosynthesis relies;
• Improving the solubility of organic molecules in aqueous electrolyte solutions;
• Developing strategies for mitigating unwanted reactions during electrochemical processes.

Modestino noted that organic electrosynthesis stands to have significant impact on pharmaceutical development and the petrochemical sector, where the process may yield new methods of upgrading methane.

"Electrochemical reactors can impact a wide range of chemical transformation, providing a direct path towards the electrification of the chemical industry and further boosting renewable energy deployment," he said.

Modestino and his collaborators are actively developing solutions by focusing on "greening" the most prevalent electrochemical reaction in today's chemical manufacturing landscape: the process by which acrylonitrile (AN) is converted to adiponitrile (ADN), a precursor material for making Nylon.

"In our research group we get to innovate with purpose," said Blanco. "We target large-scale problems such as a polluting chemical industry and develop strategies that help us design processes that are sustainable and efficient at the same time. The opportunity to launch startups and commercialize technologies like this one make our work more tangible and help us understand what is needed to bring lab-scale technologies to large-scale scenarios."

In 2017, Modestino was awarded the Global Change Award from the H & M Foundation to further the development of a proof-of-concept solar-powered reactor capable of converting AN into ADN that can be used to make sustainable Nylon. He and his team recently demonstrated methods for improving the efficiency of current industrial ADN production in a paper that was featured as the cover story in the journal Reaction Chemistry and Engineering.