'Forgotten' fish turns up in West Texas

Dr. Kevin Conway, AgriLife Research wildlife and fisheries scientist, College Station, and Daemin Kim, a former graduate student of Conway's now at Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea, collaborated on the paper "Redescription of the Texas shiner Notropis amabilis from the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico with the reinstatement of N. megalops."

The paper was published in the journal Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters.

"Notropis megalops, the scientific name of the newly discovered fish, is a new species for Texas, though it's not 'really' a new species," said Conway, the paper's lead author. "Charles Frederic Girard, an early day scientist who documented many new species, beat us to the find in 1856, but Girard's discovery has been dismissed since the 1860s."

Conway said Girard described many new species of fish, amphibians and reptiles from the southwestern and central U.S., with most collected during the U.S. and Mexican boundary surveys between 1853-1855. But Conway said some of his contemporaries thought Girard was a bit "careless," saying he sometimes described the same species more than once, which may have led to the current confusion.

"So I guess you could say we have discovered an 'old-but-new' minnow way out in West Texas where nobody expected to find anything new, especially a fish," Conway said. "Though we can't give this species a new scientific name, we are proposing the common name of West Texas shiner, though the species is also found in adjacent parts of Mexico."

Conway said their paper documents the rediscovery of the minnow and the confusion surrounding it. That confusion arose because another minnow, the Texas shiner or Notropis amabilis, and the rediscovered minnow were thought to be one and the same, so it was not recognized as a valid separate species.

But based on Conway's and Kim's detailed study using genetics and morphology, they have shown that Notropis megalops and Notropis amabilis are in fact two very different fish and are valid but separate species.

"They do look a lot alike, thus the confusion," Conway said. "But they do not interbreed, and they are actually not even closely related, although they were considered to be the same thing for the last 120 years or so.

"Unlike the Texas shiner, which is common in Central Texas, the West Texas shiner is restricted entirely to the Rio Grande drainage, has a fragmented distribution and has low levels of genetic diversity," Conway said. "As such, it is already being considered a conservation priority by state agencies."

So what restrictions does the minnow's newfound status place on landowners along the minnows' haunts? Not to worry, said an expert on the topic.

Dr. Gary Garrett, former Texas Parks and Wildlife Department director of watershed conservation and now research scientist at the Texas Natural History Collections, University of Texas at Austin, had this to add about the West Texas shiner:

"The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department maintains a list of species that are in need of conservation efforts, officially called Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Although there are no regulatory actions associated with the listing, it does call attention to impending problems and provides incentives for research and conservation."

Garrett said the distribution of the West Texas shiner is similar to many other fish that have already been recognized as imperiled such as manantial roundnose minnow, Devils River minnow, Tamaulipas shiner, Rio Grande shiner, longlip jumprock, Mexican redhorse, spotfin gambusia, blotched gambusia, Conchos pupfish, Rio Grande largemouth bass and Rio Grande darter.

"All Texans should be concerned when beautiful and previously pristine habitats are in decline and portions of our state's natural resources are at risk of being lost," he said.

"Finding this minnow just goes to show that we still don't know everything about the fauna that we share our state with," Conway said. "Discoveries or rediscoveries can still be made, justifying the need for continuing research in the rivers and streams of Texas."

The report can be accessed at: http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/04biol/pdf/ief26_4_03.pdf