Powerful Bragg reflector with ultrahigh refractive index metamaterial

A research team led by Professor Gi-Ra Yi (Department of Chemical Engineering) at POSTECH with the research team led by professors Seok Joon Kwon and Pil Jin Yoo (School of Chemical Engineering) at Sungkyunkwan University have together developed an ultrahigh refractive index metamaterial by closely packing gold nanospheres and a reflector that combines the metamaterial with a polymer.

Metamaterials -- with properties that do not exist in nature -- can be designed to have a negative (−) or ultrahigh refractive index. However, metamaterials with a high refractive index still have limitations from designing to manufacturing.

To overcome this issue, the research team developed a metamaterial that is uniformly arranged with the 1-nanometer-level gaps (nm, 1 billionth of a meter) by assembling spherical gold nanoparticles. This material, which maximizes light-matter interaction, recorded the highest refractive index in the visible and near-infrared regions. The 2D superstructures exhibited the highest-ever refractive index of 7.8

The distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), which is made by stacking these metamaterials and polymer layers with a low refractive index, strongly reflected specific wavelengths.

Furthermore, the research team established the theory of a plasmonic percolation model that can explain the extremely high refractive index. As it theoretically explains the ultrahigh refractive index of metamaterials that could not be explained in previous studies, the development of related research fields is anticipated in the future.

This study is also garnering attention from academic circles and industry for its applicability in precise semiconductor processes and high-resolution displays.

Recently published in Advanced Materials, the study was supported by the Samsung Research Funding Center and the National Research Foundation of Korea.