Daily avocados improve diet quality, help lower cholesterol levels, study finds

In the randomized trial, the team -- including Penn State researchers -- also found that participants who ate avocados had better quality diets during the study period.

While prior, smaller studies have found a link between eating avocados and lower body weight, BMI, and waist circumferences, this was the largest, most extensive study to date on the health effects of avocados, including the large number of participants and length of the study period.

"While the avocados did not affect belly fat or weight gain, the study still provides evidence that avocados can be a beneficial addition to a well-balanced diet," said Penny Kris-Etherton, Evan Pugh University Professor of Nutritional Sciences at Penn State. "Incorporating an avocado per day in this study did not cause weight gain and also caused a slight decrease in LDL cholesterol, which are all important findings for better health."

Kristina Petersen, assistant professor of nutritional sciences at Texas Tech University, said the study also found that eating avocados daily improved the overall quality of the participants' diets by eight points on a 100-point scale.

"Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is generally poor in the U.S., and our findings suggest that eating an avocado per day can substantially increase overall diet quality," Petersen said. "This is important because we know a higher diet quality is associated with lower risk of several diseases including heart disease, type 2 diabetes and some cancers."

The research -- recently published in the Journal of the American Heart Association -- was conducted in conjunction with Loma Linda University, Tufts University, and UCLA, with coordinating support from Wake Forest University.

For the study, the researchers conducted a six-month experiment involving more than 1,000 participants experiencing overweight or obesity, half of whom were instructed to eat an avocado every day while the other half continued their usual diet and told to limit their avocado consumption to less than two a month. Fat in the abdomen and around other organs was measured precisely using MRI before and at the end of the study.

"While one avocado a day did not lead to clinically significant improvements in abdominal fat and other cardiometabolic risk factors, consuming one avocado a day did not result in body weight gain," said Joan Sabaté, professor at Loma Linda University School of Public Health. "This is positive because eating extra calories from avocados doesn't impact body weight or abdominal fat, and it slightly decreases total and LDL-cholesterol."

They also found that daily avocados resulted in total cholesterol decreasing 2.9 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and LDL cholesterol decreasing 2.5 mg/dL.

The researchers said that in the future, they will continue to analyze data from the study. For example, participants were not instructed on how to eat their avocados each day, and future research could investigate how participants incorporated the avocados into their diet and whether any differences in the results are observed based on how participants ate the avocado.

Alice Lichtenstein, Tufts University; Nirupa Matthan, Tufts University; Samuel Barnes, Loma Linda University; Mara Vitolins, Wake Forest University; Zhaoping Li, UCLA; Sujatha Rajaram, Loma Linda University; Shilpy Chowdhury, Loma Linda University; Kristin Davis, Penn State; Jean Galluccio, Tufts University; Cheryl Gilhooly, Tufts University; Richard Legro, Penn State; Jason Li, UCLA; Laura Lovato, Wake Forest University; Letitia Perdue, Wake Forest University; Gayle Petty, Tufts University; Anna Rasmussen, UCLA; Gina Segovia-Siapco, Loma Linda University; Rawiwan Sirirat, Loma Linda University; April Sun, UCLA; David Reboussin, Wake Forest University, also participated in this work.

The Hass Avocado Board funded this research.