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Mechanism underlying cancer cells' immune evasion

Date:
August 27, 2020
Source:
Rockefeller University Press
Summary:
Researchers have discovered how brain cancer cells increase production of a key protein that allows them to evade the body's immune system. The study suggests that targeting this cellular pathway could help treat the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma, as well as other cancers that are resistant to current forms of immunotherapy.
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Researchers in China have discovered how brain cancer cells increase production of a key protein that allows them to evade the body's immune system. The study, which will be published August 27 in the Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM), suggests that targeting this cellular pathway could help treat the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma, as well as other cancers that are resistant to current forms of immunotherapy.

Immune cells known as cytotoxic T cells can prevent tumor growth by attacking and killing cancer cells. To avoid this fate, many cancer cells produce a protein called PD-L1 that deactivates T cells by binding to a protein called PD-1 on the surface of the immune cells. Immunotherapies that block the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 can reactivate cytotoxic T cells and cause tumor regression in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer patients, and clinical trials are currently assessing this approach for several other types of cancer, including the aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma.

"However, the underlying mechanisms of PD-L1 regulation in glioblastoma remain unclear," says Jianxin Lyu, a professor at Wenzhou Medical University in China and co-senior author of the paper.

In the new study, Lyu and colleagues, including co-senior author Zhimin Lu from Zhejiang University School of Medicine, identified two cell-signaling pathways that drive the production of PD-L1 in glioblastoma cells. These two pathways, known as Wnt signaling and EGF signaling, stabilize a protein called β-catenin, allowing it to enter the cell nucleus and activate the gene encoding PD-L1.

Lyu and colleagues found that treating mice with a drug, MK2206, that inhibits this pathway reduced the production of PD-L1 by glioblastoma cells and increased the number of active T cells targeting their brain tumors. This, in turn, reduced tumor growth and prolonged the animals' survival. "Combining MK2206 with an anti-PD-1 antibody further enhanced T cell infiltration and was even more effective at blocking tumor growth," Lyu says.

The researchers found that glioblastoma patients with mutations activating this signaling pathway show increased levels of PD-L1 and reduced numbers of T cells within their brain tumors. "Our data demonstrates that EGF and Wnt signaling, which is often active in a wide variety of cancers, induce the upregulation of PD-L1," says Lyu. "Our results therefore provide a molecular basis for improving the clinical response rate and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in cancer patients."


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Materials provided by Rockefeller University Press. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Linyong Du, Jong-Ho Lee, Hongfei Jiang, Chengde Wang, Silu Wang, Zhihong Zheng, Fei Shao, Daqian Xu, Yan Xia, Jing Li, Yanhua Zheng, Xu Qian, Xinjian Li, Hyung-Ryong Kim, Dongming Xing, Pengyuan Liu, Zhimin Lu, Jianxin Lyu. β-Catenin induces transcriptional expression of PD-L1 to promote glioblastoma immune evasion. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2020; 217 (11) DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191115

Cite This Page:

Rockefeller University Press. "Mechanism underlying cancer cells' immune evasion." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 27 August 2020. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200827102116.htm>.
Rockefeller University Press. (2020, August 27). Mechanism underlying cancer cells' immune evasion. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 31, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200827102116.htm
Rockefeller University Press. "Mechanism underlying cancer cells' immune evasion." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200827102116.htm (accessed October 31, 2024).

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