Preparing for quick radiation diagnostic test in case of a nuclear disaster

Jerome Lacombe, PhD, an assistant professor and researcher at the UA Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, recently published a peer-reviewed study in the Public Library of Science journal PLOS ONE.

His study compiled a list of genes reported to be affected by external ionizing radiation (IR), and assessed their performance as possible biomarkers that could be used to calculate the amount of radiation absorbed by the human body.

"In the case of a nuclear event, a lot of people can be radiated," Dr. Lacombe said. "That is why it's so important that we can quickly and accurately assess the absorbed radiation so we can give patients the proper medical treatment as fast as possible."

Dr. Lacombe hopes to develop a radiation test that is less labor intensive and takes only two days for results.

"If you have thousands of people and only two days to screen everyone, it would be almost impossible to do this with the current exposure test," Dr. Lacombe said. "With immediate care and the right diagnostics, people could have a better chance of survival."

Dr. Lacombe, who worked with researchers from Columbia University Medical Center and Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, analyzed published studies from 1978 through 2017 that identified more than 10,000 unique responsive genes in human blood after external IR.

Although many studies have tried to correlate gene expression after radiation exposure, their sample sizes have been small because of expense and the time it takes to test the genes. By combining 24 studies, Dr. Lacombe and his team investigated a large data set using a standardized data extraction method and various statistical algorithms to find a list of robust candidate biomarkers.

This marks the first time a team has combined all these biomarkers and attempted to run a diagnostic assay to determine radiation exposure, Dr. Lacombe said.

"There is no validated signature for biodosimetry (the measurement of biological response for radiation dose)," Dr. Lacombe said. "There is no validated gene signature to assess the radiation dose. We hope this paper can begin to identify these biomarkers and confirm genes that are radiation responsive."

Other study authors were Frederic Zenhausern, PhD, director, UA Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine; Chao Sima, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station; and Sally A. Amundson, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center.

The authors received financial support from the Center for High-Throughput Minimally-Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, grant No. U19 AI067773).