Bright light therapy improves sleep in people treated for cancer

The pilot study results show that mean sleep efficiency, the percentage of time in bed when the person is sleeping, improved to clinically normal levels in the bright light therapy group. This statistically significant improvement was sustained three weeks after the intervention. In contrast, the dim light group remained at low sleep efficiency levels on average for the entire study. Medium to large effect sizes also were seen in self-reported sleep quality, total sleep time and wake time.

"In a pilot study, a systematic light exposure intervention with a mixed group of fatigued cancer survivors was significantly more effective than comparison dim light exposure in improving sleep efficiency," said lead author Lisa M. Wu, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Medical Social Sciences at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern University. Wu also serves as an adjunct assistant professor in the Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, where the study was conducted.

The study results are published in the Jan. 15 issue of the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

According to the authors, sleep disturbances are reported by cancer patients at a significantly higher rate than in the general population. Between 23 and 44 percent of cancer patients experience insomnia symptoms even years after treatment.

The research team, led by principal investigator William H. Redd, PhD, professor in the Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, studied 44 people who had completed treatment for cancer and met criteria for clinically significant fatigue at screening. Participants had an average age of about 54 years, and 75 percent were women.

Participants were randomized to either a bright white light intervention or a comparison dim light condition. They were provided a light box and instructed to use it every morning for 30 minutes for four weeks. Sleep was evaluated using wrist actigraphy and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

"Systematic light exposure using bright white light is a low-cost and easily disseminated intervention that offers a feasible and potentially effective alternative to improve sleep in cancer survivors," said Wu.

The authors noted that larger-scale studies are needed to test the efficacy of systematic light exposure to treat sleep disturbances in people who have been treated for cancer.