Supervisors, coworkers tolerate unethical behavior when production is good, study finds

Why?

Because he's producing.

A new Baylor University study published in Personnel Psychology -- ""I Don't Want to be Near You, Unless…": The Interactive Effect of Unethical Behavior and Performance onto Workplace Ostracism" -- investigates why employees' unethical behaviors may be tolerated versus rejected.

"In this study, we're asking the questions: When and why are people ostracized -- or excluded from the group -- while at work?" said the study's lead author, Matthew J. Quade, Ph.D., assistant professor of management in Baylor's Hankamer School of Business. "Our research contributes to an ongoing conversation regarding whether people's competence is more important than morality within the context of organizations."

Researchers conducted a total of three studies and surveyed 1,040 people -- including more than 300 pairs of supervisors and their employees.

Study results show:

• High job performance may provide a motivated reason to ignore moral violations • Unethical people are more likely to be ostracized if they do not perform well • These results exist regardless of gender • These results exist regardless of the ethical culture of the organization

"Unethical, high-performing employees provide contrasting worth to the organization," researchers wrote. "The employees' unethical behaviors can be harmful, but their high job performance is also quite important to the organization's success. In this vein, high job performance may offset unethical behavior enough to where the employee is less likely to be ostracized."

On the flip side, unethical, low-performing individuals do not fare as well.

"[They] not only violate moral norms, but they fail to fulfill role expectations, which would make them particularly difficult to work with as evidenced by relationship conflict," researchers said. "People, then, are expected to demonstrate their disapproval towards those who create conflict by ostracizing them."

Quade said the research ultimately shows that unethical behavior, while overlooked in some cases, and ostracism are detrimental to the organization and all involved.

"Unethical, yet high-performing employees, their work groups, and their organizations may exist on a false foundation that has the potential to crumble and cost employees their jobs and their organizations significant amounts of money," researchers said.

The study offered two ways that organizations can curtail improper behavior and curb workplace ostracism:

1. Make it clear that employees' unethical behaviors, regardless of performance, will not be tolerated.

"Leaders need to be particularly diligent in swiftly disciplining unethical behavior," researchers said. "Organizations might consider hiring and training ethical leaders who will demonstrate and espouse the importance of behaving ethically."

2. Provide a more functional way for employees to respond to unethical employees.

"Relationship conflict and workplace ostracism can adversely affect the organization's bottom line because of reduced performance and satisfaction and increased withdrawal," researchers said. "Employees could be encouraged, and even rewarded, for discussing suspect behaviors with their leaders."