Possible treatment for diseases caused by mitofusin 2 deficiency

Mitofusin 2 and its closely related counterpart, Mitofusin 1, are located in the outer membrane of mitochondria. Both proteins are required for mitochondrial fusion, an important maintenance function in which adjacent organelles join together and exchange contents. Mice lacking the Mfn1 gene, which encodes Mitofusin 1, nevertheless seem perfectly healthy, but Mfn2-deficient mice die soon after birth. Moreover, mutations in the Mfn2 gene are known to cause human diseases, including the peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A. Lack of Mitofusin 2 therefore seems to affect mitochondrial function in other ways besides membrane fusion, but researchers have been unclear how.

To find out, Max Planck Institute scientist Nils-Göran Larsson and colleagues investigated mouse heart muscle cells lacking Mfn2. They found that energy metabolism in the cells was impaired compared with healthy and Mfn1-deficient cells. They determined that the process was stalled because of reduced levels of coenzyme Q, a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that generates cellular energy in the form of ATP. In the absence of Mitofusin 2, many of the enzymes and molecules involved in the pathway that generates precursors of coenzyme Q were decreased, indicating that Mitofusin 2 is required for coenzyme Q production.

By supplementing Mfn2-deficient cells with coenzyme Q, Larsson and colleagues were able to partially restore respiratory chain function. They therefore think that coenzyme Q supplements might help treat patients with diseases caused by Mfn2 mutations.