Key enzymes for synthesizing natural products

Actinobacteria produce many natural products, such as those that are known as aromatic polyketides. The Freiburg researchers examined how actinobacteria -- aided by enzymes -- were able to synthesize such bioactive substances from simple, molecular components. Teufel and his team were able to illuminate the key roles played by three enzymes in the biosynthesis of rubromycins, which belong to the most structurally complex aromatic polyketides.

The researchers discovered that the enzymes drastically restructure a chemical precursor molecule. Through this process they create the carbon backbone of the rubromycins, which is key to the diverse, pharmacological effects of these compounds. Using chemical and biochemical methods, the researchers succeeded in examining the functions of the enzymes more closely and identifying several previously unknown intermediates in the biosynthesis of the rubromycins. Teufel explains, "We've made important findings about the ways such enzymes control the formation of complex natural products in microorganisms. These findings could play a central role in applying bioengineering to make new types of bioactive rubromycin-polyketides."