Plants 'hedge their bets' in germination: The route to better crop yields

The findings, published in the Journal of The Royal Society Interface, identify the origin of a 'gambling' approach to germination in Arabidopsis thaliana, more commonly known as thale cress.

Seeds from the same plant germinate at different times to hedge against environmental challenges that plants have faced through history. This variability is bad news for agriculture, where farmers want uniform fields of crops.

Stochasticity, the random nature of biochemical processes, is an unavoidable feature underlying cell biology, and some organisms -- including plants -- have evolved ways to harness this randomness. By identifying and analysing a circuit in plant cells that 'rolls the dice' -- generating a degree of randomness in a hormone that controls germination -- and revealing ways to reduce this variability, the researchers hope to provide the foundations for work that will be able to persuade plants to germinate more uniformly.

Such an advance would allow farmers to increase their potential yields, posing a possible solution to agronomic and food security challenges.

With hormone levels being incredibly difficult to observe in real-time in plant embryos, the team turned to mathematical modelling to predict how biological processes will unfold.

Dr Iain Johnston, from the School of Biosciences at the University of Birmingham, said: 'It's really this interface of biology with maths that lets us understand and predict the processes generating variability in plant cells.'

Co-author Professor George Bassel, also of the School of Biosciences at the University of Birmingham, added: 'Our identification of this variability-generating circuit provides the opportunity to synchronise and enhance future agricultural production.'

Previous work by Professor Bassel and Dr Johnston has identified how plants cells use hormones to communicate, to assess environmental conditions around them and optimise the time when they begin germination.