New model could point way to microbiome forecasting in the ocean

The work could dramatically improve researchers' and policy makers' ability to predict how the world's marine microbial communities (microbiome) respond to climate change, and resulting impacts on fisheries, biodiversity, climate and more.

The model and associated simulations were published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"A drop of seawater can contain millions of single-celled microbes that collectively form the basis for nutrient and energy cycles in the ocean," says UBC microbial ecologist Steven Hallam.

"Understanding how microbial processes contribute to these cycles is vital in a time of climate change. Our model provides a step change in more accurate projections of microbial processes with potential feedback on climate change and ecosystem health."

Earth systems models already play an integral role in predicting climate and climate forcing processes in the environment. However, traditional models don't incorporate microbiome information.

The UBC researchers collaborated across departments and with others in the United States and Germany to develop a predictive model describing multi-omic (DNA, RNA, and protein) dynamics and process rates along gradients of nutrients and energy in Saanich Inlet British Columbia.

Saanich Inlet is a tractable model ecosystem ideally suited to studying microbial community responses to climate change, particularly the impact of oxygen minimum zones. Oxygen minimum zones are hotspots for nutrient loss and greenhouse gas production and they are expanding due to climate change.

"The intersection between microbial processes and nutrient and energy cycles is vividly on display in oxygen-starved regions of the ocean," says UBC geomicrobiologist Sean Crowe.

"Because micoorganisms are the primary engines driving nutrient and energy conversion processes in the environment we've focused on them in our Saanich Inlet time series, looking for ways to connect multi-omic information to the physical and chemical background of the water column on variable time scales."

"By focusing on specific genes and pathways rather than individual microbial groups we determined that genes displayed biochemical activity, growth and dispersal dynamics that resembled entire self-replicating organisms, which interacted by feeding on each other's metabolic waste-products," says UBC mathematician Stilianos Louca.

"This revealed a particularly important metabolic interaction driving conversion of toxic sulfide and the transformation of nitrite and ammonia into nitrogen gas that when combined can strongly influence nutrient availability in the ocean."