Benefits of word repetition to infants

"Parents who repeat words more often to their infants have children with better language skills a year and a half later," said co-author Rochelle Newman, professor and chair of UMD's Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences (HESP). "A lot of recent focus has been on simply talking more to your child -- but how you talk to your child matters. It isn't just about the number of words."

Newman and co-authors HESP Professor Nan Bernstein Ratner and Harvard Associate Professor of Education Meredith L. Rowe tracked maternal-child directed speech to prelinguistic (7-month-old) infants. They specifically measured the infants' ability to understand language at 7 months, and later the children's vocabulary outcomes at age 2. They found that the toddlers who had stronger language outcomes differed in two ways from their peers: their parents had repeated words more often, and they were more tuned in to the language as infants, and thus better able to process what was being said.

"It takes two to tango," said Dr. Ratner. "Both the child and the parent play a role in the child's later language outcomes, and our study is the first to show that."

The researchers believe their findings will be of immediate use to families. While it is clinically proven that parents naturally speak more slowly and in a specialized "sing-song" tone to their children, the findings from this study will perhaps encourage parents to be more conscious of repeating words to maximize language development benefits.

"It is the quality of the input that matters most, not just the quantity," said Dr. Rowe.

This new study builds on a growing body of research from HESP focused on exploring infant language development. Professor Newman and two of her then-graduate students recently published "Look at the gato! Code-switching in speech to toddlers" in the Journal of Child Language. That study examined the phenomenon of "code-switching," wherein adults speak more than one language and "mix" those languages when speaking to their children. A lot of children are told that this type of language mixing is bad for children, but Professor Newman and her colleagues found that this "code-switching" has no impact on children's vocabulary development.

"Input and uptake at 7 months predicts toddler vocabulary: the role of child-directed speech and infant processing skills in language development" appears online, in advance of its upcoming publication in the Journal of Child Language.