Protein followed by exercise is recipe for calorie-burning success in some women

Exercise scientists at the University of Arkansas describe their findings in a study that has been accepted by the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, with the title, “Thermic effect of food, exercise, and total energy expenditure in active females.”

Ashley Binns, a doctoral student in kinesiology and exercise science who led the study, said the goal was to determine the interaction between the thermic effect of food and exercise on the body’s total energy expenditure, as measured in calories. Thermic effect is the amount of energy that it takes to digest, store and utilize the food we eat.

“We looked at the effects of protein consumption alone on total energy expenditure, and protein consumption combined with exercise,” Binns said. “We found that with exercise, there is a trend for a continued increase in caloric expenditure with higher protein consumption. Additionally, the consumption of the high- or low-protein meals resulted in greater energy expenditure than the fasted state. That means that eating prior to exercise does provide fuel to burn, making us more like an energy-burning machine.”

Binns co-authored the paper with her graduate adviser, Michelle Gray, an assistant professor of kinesiology, and Ro Di Brezzo, a University Professor of kinesiology.

“To my knowledge, this is the first study of its kind,” Gray said. “What Ashley found is important because of the growing problem of obesity in the United States. If simple changes can increase our energy expenditure, then they may have a large impact on weight loss or weight maintenance.”

Ten active college-age women of normal body weight participated in the study. For their testing sessions, they were given a high-protein meal, low-protein meal, or no food at all, before walking on a treadmill.

Binns selected these women because they were “recreationally active,” which meant that they normally exercised at least twice a week, but they weren’t athletes or severely overweight.

“Studies involving high-protein diets and low-protein diets have typically examined the extremes: athletic populations and morbidly obese individuals,” Binns said. “I wanted to see what the thermic effect of food was like for a normal individual, who didn’t have any metabolic disorders or medications that would affect their metabolism.”

Exercise was key to the study, Binns said, because high-protein diets without exercise can lead to muscle loss.

“With just a high-protein diet and no exercise, the body heats up to break down the protein but what also happens is it breaks down muscle,” she said. “You have individuals who are losing weight on a high-protein diet because their metabolism is increasing. The body first burns fat but then it also starts to burn muscle as fuel. We want to see individuals keep their muscle mass with a high-protein diet so that they are more energy efficient.”

Binns holds two bachelor’s degrees and a master’s degree, all from the U of A. As an undergraduate, she was a dual major in nutrition and kinesiology, with a concentration in fitness specialization.

She intends to apply findings from the thermic effect study — the results of which constituted her master’s thesis — to her current interests, which focus on aging research and education with an emphasis on the interactive effects of protein consumption and exercise to reduce the deleterious effects of sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with age.