Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Power Plants Rated Worldwide

The on-line database, compiled by the Center for Global Development (CGD), an independent policy and research organization that focuses on how the actions of the rich world shape the lives of poor people in developing countries, lays out exactly where the CO₂ emitters are and how much of the greenhouse gas they are casting into the atmosphere. It also shows which companies own the plants.

A research team, led by David Wheeler, a senior fellow at CGD, constructed the enormous database to help speed the shift to less carbon-intensive power generation -- with the objective of minimizing global warming which is and will hurt poor people in developing countries first and worst. 

The database and its website rank individual power plants, plotting their location by latitude and longitude. The data for total power-related emissions can be displayed by cities, states or provinces, and countries. For the U.S., emissions data are also available for Congressional districts, counties and metro areas, making it possible for the first time to compare total power-related emissions by locality.

Rankings of the 4,000 electric power companies in the world show which are the biggest carbon polluters, globally, nationally, and at sub-national levels. Company-level data include emissions and power generation for 2000 and 2007, as well as estimates of future emissions and power generation from planned expansions. Data will be updated regularly as facility ownership changes and new plants come online.

Power generation accounts for about one-quarter of total emissions of CO₂, the main culprit in global warming. But, until now, people concerned about climate change lacked information about the emissions of particular power plants and the identities of the companies that own them.

"CARMA makes information about power-related CO₂ emissions transparent to people throughout the world," says Dr. Wheeler, an expert in the use of public information disclosure to reduce pollution. "Information leads to action. We know that this works for other forms of pollution and we believe it can work for greenhouse gas emissions, too."

"We expect that institutional and private investors, insurers, lenders, environmental and consumer groups and individual activists will use the CARMA data to encourage power companies to burn less coal and oil and to shift to renewable power sources, such as wind and solar," Dr. Wheeler says. Earlier research by Wheeler and his co-authors showed that highly-polluting plants in China and Indonesia responded to pressure from neighboring communities and lenders by reducing pollution significantly after public disclosure of their emissions.

On a per capita basis, Australians are some of the largest CO₂ emitters in the world, producing more than 11 tons of power sector CO₂ emissions per person every year. Americans aren't far behind at more than 9 tons per person. Populous developing nations have far lower per capita emissions. For example, the average Chinese citizen produces 2 tons of CO₂ emissions from power generation annually, and Indians emit about half of one ton per person.

A recent study by William Cline, a joint senior fellow at CGD and the Peterson Institute for International Economics, predicts that agricultural productivity in developing countries will decline sharply by 2080, as crops in areas closer to the equator suffer from the effects of increased heat and drought. Averting such a disaster would require rapid emission reductions in the first half of this century. CARMA is intended to help speed the necessary emission reductions.

CARMA data come from government reports and often from the plants themselves. Where directly reported emissions data are lacking, the CARMA team has estimated emissions, with 90 percent or greater confidence, using a statistical model based on the type and age of plant, the type of fuel, and the amount of power generated.

The resulting information is displayed using a five-color rating system and differently sized circles based on the amount of power produced. CARMA highlights low-carbon power producers and flags dangerous emitters. Rankings range from nearly zero emissions, Green, to extremely dirty, Red.

"CARMA is unique, one of a kind--a world standard," says CGD president Nancy Birdsall. "Never before has this kind of detailed information been made available on a global scale. Not only is it likely to catalyze action to cut emissions now, it also strengthens the knowledge base for monitoring any future international market-based agreement, whether a carbon tax or cap-and-trade. Let us hope it speeds the way to an agreement -- which matters immensely for the well-being of hundreds of millions of people in developing countries."

The U.S. Dirty Dozen

Globally, power generation emits nearly 10 billion tons of CO₂ per year. The U.S., with over 8,000 power plants out of the more than 50,000 worldwide, accounts for about 25 percent of that total or 2.8 billion tons. CARMA shows that the U.S.'s biggest CO₂ emitter is Southern Co. with annual emissions of 172 million tons, followed by American Electric Power Company Inc., Duke Energy Corp., and AES Corp.

Annually, the 12 biggest CO₂ polluting power plants in the United States are:

1. The Scherer plant in Juliet, GA -- 25.3 million tons
2. The Miller plant in Quinton, AL -- 20.6 million tons
3. The Bowen plant in Cartersville, GA -- 20.5 million tons
4. The Gibson plant in Owensville, IN -- 20.4 million tons
5. The W.A. Parish plant in Thompsons, TX -- 20 million tons
6. The Navajo plant in Page, AZ -- 19.9 million tons
7. The Martin Lake plant in Tatum, TX -- 19.8 million tons
8. The Cumberland plant in Cumberland City, TN -- 19.6 million tons
9. The Gavin plant in Cheshire, OH -- 18.7 million tons
10. The Sherburne County plant in Becker, MN -- 17.9 million tons
11. The Bruce Mansfield plant in Shippingport, PA -- 17.4 million tons
12. The Rockport plant in Rockport, IN -- 16.6 million tons

All are coal-fired power plants.

Low-carbon power comes mostly from nuclear and hydro plants, which do not emit CO₂, but do pose other potential environmental problems. The largest U.S. power plant to win a green rating for nearly zero CO₂ emissions is the Palo Verde nuclear plant near Phoenix, Arizona; it produces about 26 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity per year. Other large plants that are emitting zero CO₂ but produce substantial electricity are:

• The South Texas plant in Wadsworth, TX -- 20.9 million MWh
• The Limerick plant in Pottstown, PA -- 20.8 million MWh
• The Vogtle plant in Wanyesboro, GA -- 20.1 million MWh
• The Byron plant in Byron, IL -- 20 million MWh
• The Braidwood plant in Braceville, IL -- 19.8 million MWh

All are nuclear power plants.

According to CARMA data, the Ohio River Valley, the southeastern U.S. and Texas are the dirtiest regions in terms of CO₂ emissions. The least dirty CO₂ region is the West Coast, where much of the electric power is generated by nuclear and hydroelectric plants.

The state with the greatest CO₂ emissions from electricity generation is Texas (290 million tons), followed by Florida (157 million tons), Indiana (137 million tons), Pennsylvania (136 million tons), Ohio (133 million tons), Illinois (113 million tons), Kentucky (98 million tons), Georgia (92 million tons), Michigan (91 million tons) and Alabama (91 million tons).

The District of Columbia has the lowest power-related emissions (113,000 tons), followed by Vermont (437,000 tons), Idaho (1 million tons), Rhode Island (2.6 million tons); South Dakota (4.7 million tons); and Alaska (6 million tons).

At the county level, Walker County in Alabama, where power plants produce over 28 million tons of CO₂ each year, heads the list of CO₂ emitters. Grundy County in Illinois, with two large nuclear plants, and Taylor County in Texas, which relies almost exclusively on renewable resources, have nearly zero CO₂ emissions.

Browsing CARMA offers some surprising contrasts that show how different approaches to power generation can make huge differences in emissions. For example: The CO₂ output from power plants in California, with some 36 million people, is nearly the same as that of North Carolina, which has only one-quarter of California's population. North Carolina gets about half its power from coal; California relies on a mix of natural gas, hydro, nuclear power, and renewable energy.

Residents of Austin, Texas, including faculty and students of the University of Texas at Austin, have the highest-emitting power facility of any university town in the country, emitting some 400,000 tons a year.

International Burden

Although no single country comes close to the 2.8 billion tons of CO₂ produced annually by the U.S. power sector, other countries collectively account for three-quarters of the power-related CO₂ burden. China comes second after the U.S. with 2.7 billion tons; followed by Russia -- 661 million tons; India -- 583 million tons; Japan -- 400 million tons; Germany -- 356 million tons; Australia -- 226 million tons; South Africa -- 222 million tons; the United Kingdom -- 212 million tons; and South Korea -- 185 million tons.

CARMA shows low power sector CO₂ emissions from Hungary, Algeria, Kuwait, Singapore, Belarus, Portugal, Chile, Denmark, and Brazil.

"High U.S. emissions are partly the result of high living standards but they also reflect differences in energy policy. Europeans, with comparable living standards, emit less than half the power sector CO₂ of the average American", says Dr. Birdsall.

One surprise in the data is that the biggest emitters of CO₂ in the world in absolute terms are located not in the rich world but in rapidly emerging economies with massive coal-fired plants.

Indeed, new research by Dr. Wheeler shows that even without CO₂ emissions from the high income countries, rapidly rising emissions in developing countries would put them on track to produce their own climate crisis in just 20 years.

Company Country Tons of CO₂

1. HUANENG POWER INTERNATIONAL China 292,000,000
2. ESKOM South Africa 214,000,000
3. NTPC LTD India 182,000,000
4. CHINA HUADIAN GROUP CORP China 176,000,000
5. CHINA POWER INVESTMENT CORP China 173,000,000
6. SOUTHERN CO United States 172,000,000
7. AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CO INC United States 169,000,000
8. E.ON AG Germany 144,000,000
9. NORTH CHINA GRID CO LTD China 123,000,000
10. RWE AG Germany 108,000,000
11. DATANG INTL POWER GEN CO China 108,000,000
12. DUKE ENERGY CORP United States 108,000,000

"The CARMA data are a vivid illustration of the fact that rich countries and developing countries must work together to overcome the challenge of climate change," says Dr. Wheeler. "Our research shows that although the rich world is still responsible for 60 percent of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, developing countries are catching up very quickly -- and they will suffer the worst of the effects."

Carbon emissions impose a huge cost on society by threatening the basic elements of life --access to water, food production, health and the environment. Economists have estimated these "social costs" at anywhere from $8 per ton to as high as $100 per ton of CO₂.

Investors are expected to respond quickly to the CARMA data. Many are already concerned about the possible impact of future regulations on power company profits--whether or not they are worried about climate change. For such investors, CARMA provides an easy way to check the potential carbon liabilities of firms in which they invest. CARMA includes links to stock market information for many publicly traded companies.

Investors who believe that society will eventually insist that CO₂ polluters pay part of the costs can easily calculate power firms' potential liability by multiplying the number of tons of CO₂ emitted annually by a per-ton charge they think likely and subtracting the result from the company's profits.

"Even if you assume a fairly low charge of about $20 per ton of CO₂, power producers that rely heavily on fossil fuels will have to shift rapidly toward renewable energy if they are to remain profitable," Dr. Wheeler says.

By comparison, power companies that rely heavily on low-carbon technologies--hydropower, nuclear, wind, and solar--face fewer potential climate-related liabilities. CARMA makes it easy to find these companies: large power producers with low-carbon emissions intensity earn a large Green circle, while large power producers that emit a lot of CO₂ get a large Red circle.

CARMA's maps and geographical interface will be useful for states, cities, and counties that have pledged to reduce their carbon footprint. For example, CARMA will assist the nearly 700 US mayors who have signed the Mayors Climate Protection Agreement.

Jacob Scherr, Senior Attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council, says that the data will be helpful to states and cities that want to cut emissions from local power plants as part of their climate change strategies. "Across the U.S., in the absence of federal action, many states and cities are eager to take action," he says. "This data will help state and local leaders to measure their progress."

Tables of Related Information

Table 1: Top-100 Highest CO₂-Emitting Power Plants in the United States

(Format: Plant City State Tons of CO₂)

• 1 SCHERER Juliette Georgia 25,300,000
• 2 MILLER Quinton Alabama 20,600,000
• 3 BOWEN Cartersville Georgia 20,500,000
• 4 GIBSON Owensville Indiana 20,400,000
• 5 WA PARISH Thompsons Texas 20,000,000
• 6 NAVAJO Page Arizona 19,900,000
• 7 MARTIN LAKE Tatum Texas 19,800,000
• 8 CUMBERLAND Cumberland City Tennessee 19,600,000
• 9 GAVIN Cheshire Ohio 18,700,000
• 10 SHERBURNE COUNTY Becker Minnesota 17,900,000
• 11 BRUCE MANSFIELD Shippingport Pennsylvania 17,400,000
• 12 ROCKPORT Rockport Indiana 16,600,000
• 13 JIM BRIDGER Point Of Rocks Wyoming 16,500,000
• 14 LABADIE Labadie Missouri 16,400,000
• 15 MONTICELLO Mount Pleasant Texas 16,300,000
• 16 JEFFREY Saint Marys Kansas 16,300,000
• 17 INTERMOUNTAIN Delta Utah 16,100,000
• 18 MONROE Monroe Michigan 15,900,000
• 19 JOHN E AMOS Saint Albans West Virginia 15,300,000
• 20 ROXBORO Roxboro North Carolina 15,100,000
• 21 CRYSTAL RIVER 4&5 Crystal River Florida 15,100,000
• 22 CROSS Cross South Carolina 15,000,000
• 23 FOUR CORNERS Fruitland New Mexico 14,800,000
• 24 PARADISE Drakesboro Kentucky 14,500,000
• 25 BIG CAJUN TWO Ventress Louisiana 14,300,000
• 26 HARRISON Haywood West Virginia 14,200,000
• 27 WH SAMMIS Stratton Ohio 13,800,000
• 28 BELEWS CREEK Belews Creek North Carolina 13,600,000
• 29 BALDWIN Baldwin Illinois 13,600,000
• 30 JM STUART Aberdeen Ohio 13,400,000
• 31 LIMESTONE Jewett Texas 13,300,000
• 32 SAN JUAN Waterflow New Mexico 13,000,000
• 33 HOMER CITY Homer City Pennsylvania 12,800,000
• 34 BARRY Bucks Alabama 12,800,000
• 35 MOUNT STORM Mount Storm West Virginia 12,700,000
• 36 MARSHALL Terrell North Carolina 12,600,000
• 37 PETERSBURG Petersburg Indiana 12,500,000
• 38 WHITE BLUFF Redfield Arkansas 12,400,000
• 39 COLSTRIP 3&4 Colstrip Montana 12,300,000
• 40 GHENT Ghent Kentucky 12,200,000
• 41 EC GASTON Wilsonville Alabama 12,200,000
• 42 INDEPENDENCE Newark Arkansas 12,200,000
• 43 CENTRALIA Centralia Washington 12,100,000
• 44 CONEMAUGH New Florence Pennsylvania 12,100,000
• 45 FAYETTE La Grange Texas 12,000,000
• 46 LA CYGNE Lacygne Kansas 11,900,000
• 47 WELSH Pittsburg Texas 11,900,000
• 48 WANSLEY Roopville Georgia 11,900,000
• 49 MANATEE Parrish Florida 11,700,000
• 50 KEYSTONE Shelocta Pennsylvania 11,500,000
• 51 CRAIG Craig Colorado 11,400,000
• 52 GERALD GENTLEMAN Sutherland Nebraska 11,100,000
• 53 RM SCHAHFER Wheatfield Indiana 11,000,000
• 54 BIG BEND Tampa Florida 10,700,000
• 55 HUNTER Castle Dale Utah 10,600,000
• 56 COAL CREEK Underwood North Dakota 10,600,000
• 57 MUSKOGEE Muskogee Oklahoma 10,600,000
• 58 LARAMIE RIVER Wheatland Wyoming 10,100,000
• 59 KINGSTON Harriman Tennessee 10,100,000
• 60 ST JOHNS RIVER Jacksonville Florida 10,100,000
• 61 CARDINAL Brilliant Ohio 10,100,000
• 62 WIDOWS CREEK Stevenson Alabama 9,976,111
• 63 POWERTON Pekin Illinois 9,899,173
• 64 BELLE RIVER East China Michigan 9,884,783
• 65 SHAWNEE West Paducah Kentucky 9,851,850
• 66 BIG BROWN Fairfield Texas 9,841,515
• 67 SPRINGERVILLE Springerville Arizona 9,733,431
• 68 JH CAMPBELL West Olive Michigan 9,703,140
• 69 PLEASANT PRAIRIE Pleasant Prairie Wisconsin 9,689,624
• 70 MILL CREEK Louisville Kentucky 9,638,247
• 71 MARTIN COUNTY Indiantown Florida 9,484,494
• 72 HARRINGTON Amarillo Texas 9,460,767
• 73 JOPPA Joppa Illinois 9,222,084
• 74 PPL BRUNNER ISLAND York Haven Pennsylvania 9,117,831
• 75 VJ DANIEL Escatawpa Mississippi 9,094,414
• 76 CONESVILLE Conesville Ohio 9,059,955
• 77 PPL MONTOUR Washingtonville Pennsylvania 8,964,147
• 78 HATFIELDS FERRY Masontown Pennsylvania 8,958,911
• 79 SEMINOLE Palatka Florida 8,709,828
• 80 ZIMMER Moscow Ohio 8,597,428
• 81 WINYAH Georgetown South Carolina 8,585,641
• 82 JOLIET Joliet Illinois 8,585,475
• 83 COLUMBIA Pardeeville Wisconsin 8,565,041
• 84 MITCHELL Moundsville West Virginia 8,478,185
• 85 THOMAS HILL Clifton Hill Missouri 8,348,213
• 86 GORGAS TWO Parrish Alabama 8,257,516
• 87 KINCAID Kincaid Illinois 8,245,385
• 88 ANTELOPE VALLEY Beulah North Dakota 8,109,317
• 89 CHOLLA Joseph City Arizona 8,025,604
• 90 CLIFTY CREEK Madison Indiana 8,012,940
• 91 BRANDON SHORES Curtis Bay Maryland 7,928,767
• 92 GRDA Chouteau Oklahoma 7,925,736
• 93 NEWTON Newton Illinois 7,798,570
• 94 ST CLAIR East China Michigan 7,769,158
• 95 TOLK Earth Texas 7,756,687
• 96 JOHNSONVILLE New Johnsonville Tennessee 7,735,183
• 97 MOUNTAINEER New Haven West Virginia 7,726,502
• 98 NEW MADRID New Madrid Missouri 7,647,257
• 99 HARLLEE BRANCH Milledgeville Georgia 7,550,829
• 100 MIAMI FORT North Bend Ohio 7,546,313

Table 2. Power Sector CO₂ Emissions by State
(Format: State Tons of CO₂)

• 1 Texas 290,000,000
• 2 Florida 157,000,000
• 3 Indiana 137,000,000
• 4 Pennsylvania 136,000,000
• 5 Ohio 133,000,000
• 6 Illinois 113,000,000
• 7 Kentucky 98,300,000
• 8 Georgia 91,500,000
• 9 Michigan 91,400,000
• 10 Alabama 90,700,000
• 11 West Virginia 88,600,000
• 12 Missouri 82,500,000
• 13 California 79,200,000
• 14 North Carolina 77,700,000
• 15 New York 69,600,000
• 16 Arizona 64,500,000
• 17 Tennessee 63,300,000
• 18 Louisiana 61,000,000
• 19 Oklahoma 57,000,000
• 20 Wisconsin 54,800,000
• 21 South Carolina 52,500,000
• 22 Virginia 49,700,000
• 23 Colorado 47,200,000
• 24 Wyoming 45,900,000
• 25 Kansas 43,500,000
• 26 Minnesota 43,500,000
• 27 Utah 41,900,000
• 28 Iowa 38,800,000
• 29 North Dakota 37,600,000
• 30 Arkansas 35,400,000
• 31 Maryland 33,600,000
• 32 New Mexico 32,800,000
• 33 Mississippi 30,900,000
• 34 Massachusetts 29,400,000
• 35 Nebraska 24,400,000
• 36 New Jersey 22,100,000
• 37 Nevada 20,800,000
• 38 Montana 20,300,000
• 39 Washington 19,600,000
• 40 Connecticut 13,400,000
• 41 Oregon 12,600,000
• 42 Hawaii 9,805,652
• 43 New Hampshire 8,619,268
• 44 Maine 7,817,319
• 45 Delaware 7,313,223
• 46 Alaska 5,951,978
• 47 South Dakota 4,680,446
• 48 Rhode Island 2,614,260
• 49 Idaho 1,060,886
• 50 Vermont 436,856
• 51 District of Columbia 113,248

Table 3. Top-25 CO₂-Free Power Plants in the United States

(Format: Plant City State MWh per Year)

• 1 PALO VERDE Phoenix Arizona 26,000,000
• 2 SOUTH TEXAS Wadsworth Texas 20,900,000
• 3 LIMERICK Pottstown Pennsylvania 20,800,000
• 4 VOGTLE Waynesboro Georgia 20,100,000
• 5 BYRON Byron Illinois 20,000,000
• 6 BRAIDWOOD Braceville Illinois 19,800,000
• 7 PEACH BOTTOM Delta Pennsylvania 19,100,000
• 8 OCONEE Seneca South Carolina 19,000,000
• 9 LASALLE COUNTY Marseilles Illinois 18,800,000
• 10 CATAWBA York South Carolina 18,400,000
• 11 BROWNS FERRY Athens Alabama 18,300,000
• 12 COMANCHE PEAK Glen Rose Texas 18,200,000
• 13 MCGUIRE Huntersville North Carolina 18,200,000
• 14 GRAND COULEE Grand Coulee Washington 18,100,000
• 15 SEQUOYAH Soddy Daisy Tennessee 18,100,000
• 16 DC COOK Bridgman Michigan 16,600,000
• 17 ARKANSAS ONE Russellville Arkansas 15,900,000
• 18 SUSQUEHANNA Berwick Pennsylvania 15,800,000
• 19 HATCH Baxley Georgia 15,300,000
• 20 BRUNSWICK Southport North Carolina 15,300,000
• 21 DIABLO CANYON Avila Beach California 15,100,000
• 22 ROBERT MOSES-NIAGARA Lewiston New York 15,000,000
• 23 SAN ONOFRE San Clemente California 14,900,000
• 24 NORTH ANNA Mineral Virginia 14,700,000
• 25 CALVERT CLIFFS Lusby Maryland 14,000,000

Note: This list contains a mix of hydroelectric dams and nuclear power plants. Although they emit no CO₂, they may produce other environmental damage.

Table 4. Top-100 Highest CO₂-Emitting Power Sectors by U.S. County

(Format: County State Tons of CO₂)

• 1 Walker Alabama 28,800,000
• 2 San Juan New Mexico 28,400,000
• 3 Harris Texas 28,000,000
• 4 Gallia Ohio 26,000,000
• 5 Monroe Georgia 25,300,000
• 6 Indiana Pennsylvania 24,600,000
• 7 Jefferson Ohio 24,200,000
• 8 Kern California 22,200,000
• 9 Berkeley South Carolina 21,900,000
• 10 Rusk Texas 21,300,000
• 11 Fort Bend Texas 21,300,000
• 12 Citrus Florida 21,100,000
• 13 Person North Carolina 20,600,000
• 14 Bartow Georgia 20,500,000
• 15 Gibson Indiana 20,400,000
• 16 Coconino Arizona 19,900,000
• 17 Mercer North Dakota 19,600,000
• 18 Stewart Tennessee 19,600,000
• 19 Saint Clair Michigan 19,400,000
• 20 Beaver Pennsylvania 18,800,000
• 21 Monroe Michigan 18,700,000
• 22 Sherburne Minnesota 18,000,000
• 23 Duval Florida 17,500,000
• 24 Rosebud Montana 17,200,000
• 25 Kanawha West Virginia 17,100,000
• 26 Emery Utah 16,700,000
• 27 Spencer Indiana 16,600,000
• 28 Sweetwater Wyoming 16,500,000
• 29 Los Angeles California 16,400,000
• 30 Franklin Missouri 16,400,000
• 31 Titus Texas 16,300,000
• 32 Pottawatomie Kansas 16,300,000
• 33 Millard Utah 16,100,000
• 34 Apache Arizona 16,000,000
• 35 Will Illinois 15,600,000
• 36 Muhlenberg Kentucky 15,400,000
• 37 Westmoreland Pennsylvania 15,400,000
• 38 Clermont Ohio 14,900,000
• 39 Hillsborough Florida 14,800,000
• 40 Lewis Washington 14,600,000
• 41 Bexar Texas 14,600,000
• 42 Clark Nevada 14,500,000
• 43 Pointe Coupee Louisiana 14,300,000
• 44 Harrison West Virginia 14,200,000
• 45 Pike Indiana 14,100,000
• 46 Mobile Alabama 14,100,000
• 47 Forsyth North Carolina 13,700,000
• 48 Randolph Illinois 13,600,000
• 49 Grant West Virginia 13,500,000
• 50 Jefferson Arkansas 13,400,000
• 51 Brown Ohio 13,400,000
• 52 Leon Texas 13,300,000
• 53 Rogers Oklahoma 13,300,000
• 54 Mason West Virginia 13,100,000
• 55 Jefferson Kentucky 12,900,000
• 56 Catawba North Carolina 12,700,000
• 57 Carroll Kentucky 12,200,000
• 58 Shelby Alabama 12,200,000
• 59 Independence Arkansas 12,200,000
• 60 Fayette Texas 12,000,000
• 61 Freestone Texas 12,000,000
• 62 Linn Kansas 11,900,000
• 63 Carroll Georgia 11,900,000
• 64 Martin Florida 11,900,000
• 65 Camp Texas 11,900,000
• 66 Manatee Florida 11,800,000
• 67 Marshall West Virginia 11,700,000
• 68 Anne Arundel Maryland 11,600,000
• 69 Moffat Colorado 11,400,000
• 70 Calcasieu Louisiana 11,400,000
• 71 Lincoln Nebraska 11,100,000
• 72 Maricopa Arizona 11,000,000
• 73 Queens New York 11,000,000
• 74 Wayne Michigan 11,000,000
• 75 Jasper Indiana 11,000,000
• 76 Brazoria Texas 10,900,000
• 77 Ottawa Michigan 10,700,000
• 78 Mclean North Dakota 10,600,000
• 79 Muskogee Oklahoma 10,600,000
• 80 Potter Texas 10,200,000
• 81 Platte Wyoming 10,100,000
• 82 York Pennsylvania 10,100,000
• 83 Roane Tennessee 10,100,000
• 84 Tazewell Illinois 10,000,000
• 85 Warrick Indiana 10,000,000
• 86 Polk Florida 9,997,184
• 87 Jackson Alabama 9,976,111
• 88 Chesterfield Virginia 9,865,334
• 89 Mccracken Kentucky 9,851,850
• 90 Kenosha Wisconsin 9,691,582
• 91 Bay Michigan 9,679,930
• 92 Contra Costa California 9,672,508
• 93 Putnam Florida 9,607,276
• 94 Massac Illinois 9,393,236
• 95 Fayette Pennsylvania 9,214,486
• 96 Milwaukee Wisconsin 9,214,344
• 97 Jackson Mississippi 9,094,414
• 98 Coshocton Ohio 9,086,479
• 99 Washington Ohio 9,038,868
• 100 Montour Pennsylvania 8,964,147

Table 5. Top-25 CO₂-Free Power Sectors by U.S. County

(Format: County State MWh per Year)

• 1 Oconee South Carolina 19,000,000
• 2 Hamilton Tennessee 18,900,000
• 3 York South Carolina 18,600,000
• 4 Limestone Alabama 18,300,000
• 5 Somervell Texas 18,200,000
• 6 Berrien Michigan 16,700,000
• 7 Columbia Pennsylvania 15,800,000
• 8 Appling Georgia 15,300,000
• 9 Louisa Virginia 14,700,000
• 10 Wasco Oregon 14,600,000
• 11 Calvert Maryland 14,000,000
• 12 Rhea Tennessee 10,300,000
• 13 Douglas Washington 10,200,000
• 14 Claiborne Mississippi 9,656,302
• 15 Chelan Washington 7,618,147
• 16 Nemaha Nebraska 6,120,753
• 17 Lake California 5,815,209
• 18 Hood River Oregon 4,789,379
• 19 Baker Oregon 4,357,426
• 20 Pend Oreille Washington 4,165,685
• 21 Kewaunee Wisconsin 4,110,068
• 22 Washington Nebraska 4,027,674
• 23 Columbia Washington 2,429,436
• 24 Garfield Washington 2,234,874
• 25 Walla Walla Washington 1,813,754

Table 6. Top-25 Highest CO₂-Emitting Power Plants Worldwide

(Format: Plant City Country Tons of CO₂)

• 1 TAICHUNG Lung-Ching Township Taiwan (China) 41,300,000
• 2 PORYONG Poryong-gun South Korea 37,800,000
• 3 CASTLE PEAK Tuen Mun NT China 35,800,000
• 4 REFTINSKAYA SDPP Reftinsky Russia 33,000,000
• 5 TUOKETUO-1 Tuoketuo County China 32,400,000
• 6 MAILIAO FP Mailiao Taiwan (China) 32,400,000
• 7 VINDHYACHAL Sidhi Dist India 29,000,000
• 8 HEKINAN Hekinan Japan 28,900,000
• 9 KENDAL Witbank South Africa 28,600,000
• 10 JANSCHWALDE Peitz Germany 27,400,000
• 11 SURALAYA Serang - Merak Indonesia 27,200,000
• 12 TANGJIN Tangjin-kun South Korea 26,900,000
• 13 MAJUBA Volksrust South Africa 26,500,000
• 14 TAEAN Taean South Korea 26,400,000
• 15 BEILUNGANG Ningbo City China 26,000,000
• 16 WAIGAOQIAO Shanghai Pudong China 26,000,000
• 17 TAISHAN Tongluowan China 26,000,000
• 18 BELCHATOW Belchatow 5 Poland 25,500,000
• 19 MATIMBA Ellisras South Africa 25,500,000
• 20 SCHERER Juliette United States 25,300,000
• 21 HSINTA Yungan Township Taiwan (China) 25,300,000
• 22 SAMCHONPO Kosung-gun South Korea 25,200,000
• 23 DRAX Selby United Kingdom 23,700,000
• 24 NIEDERAUSSEM Bergheim Germany 23,600,000
• 25 JIANBI Zhenjiang City China 23,500,000

Table 7. Top-50 Countries with Highest CO₂-Emitting Power Sectors

(Format: Country Tons of CO₂)

• 1 United States 2,790,000,000
• 2 China 2,680,000,000
• 3 Russia 661,000,000
• 4 India 583,000,000
• 5 Japan 400,000,000
• 6 Germany 356,000,000
• 7 Australia 226,000,000
• 8 South Africa 222,000,000
• 9 United Kingdom 212,000,000
• 10 South Korea 185,000,000
• 11 Poland 166,000,000
• 12 Italy 165,000,000
• 13 Taiwan (China) 153,000,000
• 14 Spain 148,000,000
• 15 Canada 144,000,000
• 16 Turkey 102,000,000
• 17 Mexico 101,000,000
• 18 Indonesia 92,900,000
• 19 Iran 86,200,000
• 20 Ukraine 79,100,000
• 21 Thailand 76,400,000
• 22 Saudi Arabia 75,900,000
• 23 Kazakhstan 62,300,000
• 24 Malaysia 61,100,000
• 25 Netherlands 58,900,000
• 26 Czech Republic 55,700,000
• 27 Greece 50,500,000
• 28 Israel 46,500,000
• 29 France 45,800,000
• 30 Egypt 45,000,000
• 31 Serbia 37,200,000
• 32 Philippines 35,900,000
• 33 Romania 34,500,000
• 34 Uzbekistan 34,000,000
• 35 Argentina 32,800,000
• 36 Finland 31,700,000
• 37 Belgium 31,100,000
• 38 United Arab Emirates 28,500,000
• 39 Vietnam 28,500,000
• 40 Pakistan 28,200,000
• 41 Bulgaria 25,200,000
• 42 Brazil 24,000,000
• 43 Denmark 23,600,000
• 44 Chile 23,100,000
• 45 Portugal 22,700,000
• 46 Belarus 21,500,000
• 47 Singapore 20,600,000
• 48 Kuwait 19,400,000
• 49 Algeria 17,200,000
• 50 Hungary 16,700,000