Tagging Success Boosts Hopes For Arabian Phoenix

Satellite tags have been attached to three of the remaining seven, adult, northern bald ibis in Syria, a species thought extinct in the region until four years ago.

Scientists from the RSPB and BirdLife Middle East will track the trio's migration as it leaves breeding sites near Palmyra in south-east Syria this month.

Bedouin nomads and Syrian government rangers have been watching over the nests of Zenobia, named after Palmyra's third century warrior queen, Sultan and Salam. Scientists hope to locate their winter base and discover why so few birds are returning.

The project is being strongly supported by the Syrian government and the Syrian Society for the Conservation of Wildlife.

Paul Buckley, Head of Global Country Programmes at the RSPB, said: "We know next to nothing about where these birds go and this is our very last chance to keep the Syrian population alive. If we can follow their migration and locate their winter home we should find out why their numbers are so low and how we can protect them. That is the first step towards increasing their numbers again."

The northern bald ibis is a large, mainly black bird, with a bald red face, red bill and legs and 'punk' plumage. It was once widespread across the Middle East, northern Africa and the European Alps, was revered by the Egyptian Pharaohs and had its own Ancient Egyptian hieroglyph.

Numbers plunged because of habitat loss, human disturbance and persecution and the species is now classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN -- World Conservation Union, the highest level of threat there is.

The Syrian group forms one of only two wild populations of the species in the world. The other is found in Morocco, mostly in the Souss-Massa National Park, south of Agadir.

Ibrahim Khader, Head of BirdLife Middle East, said. "Discovering the ibis was like finding the Arabian phoenix. Our survey and tagging work was some of the most challenging fieldwork we had ever done. We knew they were in Palmyra because of reports from Bedouin nomads and local hunters. Without this tracking project, the bird would have been consigned to history and hieroglyphics."

When the birds leave Palmyra, they are likely to fly as a group heading south towards Saudi Arabia and Yemen or even as far as Eritrea.

Dr Ken Smith, a senior scientist at the RSPB said: "Tracking the birds and finding their wintering sites may be the last chance to save them. We won't be able to help them until we at least know where they go and the threats and pressures they are facing.

"The low numbers and difficult terrain in Palmyra make this species particularly difficult to work with but its resilience so far suggests it has a future. Other birds have been brought back from the brink and with the Syrian authorities backing our work we are hopeful that we can save this bird."

Dr Gianluca Serra, Field Team Leader for BirdLife said: "Not only have we tagged the birds at last but we now have 13 ibis in Syria after the best breeding season yet. Our chances of saving this bird now seems more than just a dream."

Notes

·The project is being funded by the RSPB, BirdLife International, the National Geographic Society and the Africa Eurasian Waterbird Agreement.

·The Syrian population of northern bald ibis is thought to be the last of a 1,000-strong group, which used to spend summers in the Middle East, notably at Birecik, south-east Turkey, 130 miles from Palmyra. These birds were thought to fly to Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Eritrea for the winter but this was never established for certain. Only a small, partially captive, population remains in Birecik. There are also captive populations in Austria and Italy.

·Three pairs were found breeding near Palmyra in 2002 by the FAO/Italian Cooperation Project led by Dr Gianluca Serra. Two to three pairs have continued to breed each year. Breeding birds were last recorded in Palmyra 74 years ago

·The Moroccan population has risen from 59 pairs in 1997 to more than 100 pairs, and breeds in coastal cliffs within the Souss-Massa National Park.

·The Moroccan ibis stay in Morocco all year, are protected by wardens and now number more than 100 pairs. The Syrian birds are also well protected but go elsewhere for half the year and so are more vulnerable.

·The birds died out in Europe about 400 years ago, probably because of loss of habitat.

·There are 29 species of ibis, a distant relative of storks and herons. The northern bald ibis is unlike its relatives in that it seeks semi-desert rather than wetlands to breed. In Palmyra, its diet of insects and lizards dries up in winter so the bird must migrate to seek food elsewhere. The Souss-Massa area is warmer so the birds stay all year.

·The northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita) is between 70 and 80 cm long. It is black overall, with iridescent tints of blue, green and copper in sunlight. It has a red, naked face and crown. It is usually silent but hisses and grunts at nest and in display. For more information on its status and distribution see: www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3791&m=0

·Palmyra, known locally as Tadmor, is in the heart of the Syrian Desert, 150 miles north east of Damascus. It has been ruled by the Assyrians, the Greeks and the Romans and has been called the bride of the desert and the city of palm trees. The city's most famous ruler, Queen Zenobia, led her people against the Romans. The ruins of her city cover six square kilometres and attract many tourists