Do Legos, standardized testing, and Googling hamper creativity?

"There are a lot of studies that explore what enhances creativity. Ours is one of the few that considers ways in which creativity may be undermined," write the authors of the study, C. Page Moreau (University of Wisconsin) and Marit Gundersen Engeset (Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Norway). "What we find is that a well-defined problem--in our case, following an explicit set of instructions to build something with Legos--can actually hamper creativity in solving future problems."

To reach that conclusion, the authors, among other things, conducted a test in which they gave participants Legos and a set of instructions. Some of the participants were given a "well-defined problem"--instructions to build a particular thing by following explicit, step-by-step instructions. The others were given an "ill-defined problem": they were simply asked "to build something." After building with the Legos, the participants were then asked to complete a second well-defined or ill-defined task.

The authors found that solving well-defined problems can diminish performance on subsequent creative tasks. The decline in performance is largely due to having, in the well-defined problem, a specific goal to meet. In addition, engaging with a well-defined problem increases the chances that a person will choose another well-defined problem to solve next.

"Well-defined problems are becoming ever more common--we Google something, for instance, rather than struggling to retrieve information from our memory--and that can be having negative effects on our creativity," Moreau and Engeset write. "Managers and policymakers should become more aware of the way in which things like routine tasks can make an employee ill-suited for creative work and how standardized testing, by encouraging the use of well-defined problems, can hamper imaginative thinking."