Your phone knows how many steps you take per day, shouldn't your doctor?

These next-generation software tools could also reduce healthcare costs and advance national efforts in the United States. President Obama declared the development of personalized medicine a priority in his 2015 State of the Union Address. While most initiatives are focused on sequencing patient genomes, Ken Mandl, Isaac Kohane, and Joshua Mandel of Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School argue that an individual's genetic information could be put to even better use if it was linked to app-fueled, electronic health record systems.

"How will the innovations from the President's initiative reach the doctor and the patient, and how will the new data types needed for precision medicine be integrated into medical decision making?" write the authors. "Electronic health records are not designed for storage or display of genomic data nor for the computation that will no doubt be needed to eventually tailor therapy to a patient's genome."

One problem is that current electronic health record systems do not support standardized interfaces for accessing data contained within them. As a result, it is time consuming and costly to develop tools for using these data to improve healthcare, and the resulting tools, and the best practices they embody, can be difficult to transfer between clinics.

The authors outline how recent collaborations between major hospitals, technology vendors, federal committees, and industry organizations are accelerating the adoption of standard application programming interfaces for reading and writing data from electronic health record systems.

"A good app, distributed widely, could reshape practice overnight," they write. "An innovator's idea, whether to improve care through precision medicine or through payment reform, becomes implementable at the point of care across the healthcare system. Agreement on, implementation of, and adherence to a standard, public, free, and open API will promote a new form of interoperability transforming healthcare into a modular plug and play system, dramatically increasing the rate of progress while reducing the cost of change."