Children’s eye injuries from nonpowder guns on the rise

Investigators from the Stanford University School of Medicine found that the rates for eye injuries from non-powder guns increased by 511% between 2010 and 2012, reaching 8.4 per million children. This rise was almost exclusively due to air gun related injuries, which parallels their growth in popularity, with paintball gun rates remaining low at 0.4 per million children.

"These results demonstrate that air guns can cause severe, yet preventable, eye injury among the pediatric population," explained Douglas Fredrick, MD, Clinical Professor, Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine. "To reduce rates of pediatric eye injury, both practitioners and air gun companies should promote and lobby for eye safety mandates among all air gun users. Furthermore, changes in state policy to regulate possession and usage of air guns among minors may be warranted to reduce rates of accidental injury."

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) documents emergency department visits for injuries secondary to a variety consumer products through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). The NEISS draws from a stratified probability sample of roughly 100 hospital emergency departments of varying sizes and provides a nationally representative sample of hospitals in the U.S. These data make a clear distinction between paintball guns and other non-powder gun types, but further differences among other non-powder guns (BB gun vs. pellet gun vs. airsoft guns) may not be reported accurately. For the purposes of analysis, the authors grouped BB, pellet, and airsoft guns together.

A review of 399 individual case reports of airsoft and BB gun injuries was also conducted by the researchers. Eye protection status was reported in 71 cases, and only one patient was purportedly wearing sunglasses, while 70 had no eye protection at all.

In the early 2000s, BB gun manufacturers established internal restrictions on sales and marketing to minors, while the American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Ophthalmology released a joint policy statement to promote eye protection for high-risk recreational activities. These and other efforts likely contributed to the drop in pediatric eye injuries until 2010.

However, the researchers suggest that the rising popularity of airsoft guns, which are full-scale replicas of powder guns and which fire a lightweight, 6 mm plastic bullet, parallels the rise in injuries since 2010. Multiple sources have noted dramatic increases in the sales of air guns, but not paintball guns, as well as marketing efforts directed at teenagers. There are no federal laws regulating nonpowder guns, and only 22 U.S. states regulate the transfer, possession, and use of nonpowder guns. In the majority of states, minors are allowed to purchase and possess nonpowder guns. Only four states define some or all nonpowder guns as firearms and only three classify nonpowder guns as dangerous weapons.