Extreme high speed planes: How safe would planes be traveling at Mach 7 and above?

That's among the UC research that will be presented from around the world at IMAC XXXII: A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics. The conference takes place Feb. 3-6 in Orlando, Fl.

Randy Allemang, a UC professor of mechanical engineering and director of the Structural Dynamics Research Lab in the UC College of Engineering and Applied Science (CEAS), will present a validation metric that involves principal component analysis (PCA) decomposition of simulation and test data to measure the uncertainty in how well the models match with measured data, which will ultimately determine the success in approaching how such a plane could be built. That 25-year exploratory project is led by the U.S. Air Force.

"The very early stages of testing examine the concept of a plane that would fly as much as 10 times the speed of sound, with Mach 5 being the starting point," says Allemang. "In order to be ready to build that airplane, there is a lot of technology that will need to improve over the next 20 years, and there aren't the resources to do the prototype testing like what was done in the space race of the '50s and '60s. Back then, there wasn't the ability to do a lot of analysis, so during testing, there were a lot of failures, and it was very expensive. So, we need to improve analytical capabilities to better predict what could happen."

Allemang says the validation metric is showing considerable promise. The testing involved four comparisons of 500-by-146 pieces of information in its datasets to develop the validation metric. Allemang explains that in comparing the two sets of data, the researchers expect their actual measurement to be less than what they predicted, and they wanted the uncertainty to be smaller than the distance away from the prediction. The validation metric was evaluated using test data acquired on a car, using the four-axis road simulator in the UC Department of Mechanical Engineering's Structural Dynamics Research Laboratory -- a leader in experimental modal analysis and structural dynamics.

"People do these comparisons and predictions in a number of areas -- the nuclear industry, in ground water penetration, in weather prediction -- they come up with a way to quantify something that has a very large number of parameters that could be used to describe it," says Allemang, who adds that the primary advantage of the PCA validation metric is that quantifications of margin and uncertainty can be made in engineering units. The method condenses a large amount of data and it can be used over a wide range of temporal information as well as over a wide variety of measured quantities.

Allemang says further testing of the PCA validation metric is expected to be conducted on an aircraft panel later this year by the Structural Sciences Center at the Air Force research labs at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

The research was supported by joint funding from the U.S. Air Force and the American Society for Engineering Education Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program.

Michael Spottswood and Thomas Eason, both senior aerospace structures engineers for the U.S. Air Force/Air Force Research Laboratory Structural Sciences Center (AFRL-SSC), Wright Patterson Air Force Base, were co-researchers on the project.

UC's Structural Dynamics Research Laboratory is dedicated to the development, investigation and evaluation of structural systems.

The IMAC Conference is organized by the Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM), an international professional society of engineers and scientists dedicated to all aspects of the experimental mechanics industry, including research and development, education and promotion of experimental methods.