High-resolution Image Of The Brightest Orion Trapezium Star

The binary star Theta1 Ori C is the brightest of the four Trapezium stars in the Orion nebula. The Orion Trapezium cluster is the nearest region where massive stars are forming, located at about 1350 light-years from us. It provides a unique laboratory for studying the formation process of massive stars in detail. The intense radiation of Theta1 Ori C ionizes the whole Orion nebula. Its strong wind also shapes the famous Orion proplyds, young stars that are still surrounded by their protoplanetary dust disks.

This image was obtained by a team of astronomers led by Stefan Kraus and Gerd Weigelt (MPIfR, Bonn, Germany), using the AMBER instrument installed at the ESO/Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). AMBER is an interferometer beam combiner for the VLT, sensitive in the near-infrared wavelength range (from 1 to 2.5 microns).

Theta1 Ori C is a bright, naked-eye star, but its companion is so close (20 milli-arcseconds) that it was not detected before 1999. Thus, high-angular resolution is needed for an in-depth study of the system. The new image has a sharpness of 2 milli-arcseconds, which corresponds to the apparent size of an automobile on the surface of the Moon. Combining AMBER observations with position measurements of the system over the past 12 years, the team was able to compute the orbital period of the system (11 years).

Using Kepler's third law, they also derived the masses of the two stars (38 and 9 solar masses). Finally, they estimated the distance to the system, hence to the center of the Orion star-forming region (1350 light-years). These various measurements are essential for improving theoretical models of massive star formation.