Research At Great Lakes Meeting Shows More Vitamin C In Organic Oranges Than Conventional Oranges

"Quite often, organic goods come from smaller farms that market their goods with provocative labels such as ‘healthy,' ‘delicious,' or ‘natural'," he said. "These statements are generally made without reference to any comparable standards." Clark added that he chose oranges to begin the assessment because they are high-profile fruits. "The orange is the traditional source of vitamin C, and it is highly commercialized, but no one to our knowledge has thought to compare the organic and conventionally-grown oranges."

Conventional oranges are larger than organically-grown oranges, and they have a deeper orange color. Because of their size, "we were expecting twice as much vitamin C in the conventional oranges," said Clark. But to his surprise, chemical isolation combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the organically-grown oranges contained 30% more vitamin C than the conventionally-grown fruits — even though they were only about half the size.

Clark said the reason for the added nutritional punch isn't clear, but "we speculate that with conventional oranges, (farmers) use nitrogen fertilizers that cause an uptake of more water, so it sort of dilutes the orange. You get a great big orange but it is full of water and doesn't have as much nutritional value," said Clark. "However, we can only speculate. Other factors such as maturity, climate, processing factors, packaging, and storage conditions require consideration."

In addition to the chemical analysis, Clark and his team conducted a survey of 27 households (approximately 71 individuals) in the rural town of Miller, Mo., to gauge their expectations of organic oranges. Eighty five percent of respondents believed that organic oranges would have a higher nutritional content than their conventionally-grown counterparts, and Clark's research shows that "they were right on." However, 65% believed that there was little or no price difference between the two types of oranges. In fact, Clark's team found that organic oranges cost an average of twice as much.

Clark says these issues are important because consumers have a right to know the real nutritional content of organic produce, and hard numbers such as the vitamin C content can validate the claims of the burgeoning organic industry. On the other hand, farmers considering a change from conventional to organic farming methods need to know what consumers expect, and what they are willing to pay for it.