New particles are formed also in the polluted air of major cities
- Date:
- July 23, 2018
- Source:
- University of Helsinki
- Summary:
- Researchers have discovered a mechanism that leads to atmospheric new particle formation in megacities.
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According to current theories, nanometre-sized particles are not formed in polluted areas. Observations show that new particles are formed in large, comparatively polluted cities, such as Shanghai, Nanjing and Beijing.
A mechanism that reveals what molecules have a part in the formation of nanometre-sized ultrafine particles was discovered in a study conducted together with researchers from Fudan University, and published in Science.
"In practice, it takes sulphuric acid and dimethylamine. These atmospheric clusters grow molecule by molecule, and form new particles in polluted air as well," says Academician Markku Kulmala.
According to Professor Tuukka Petaja, atmospheric science researchers have throughout the years played a key role in the development of the measuring equipment and analysis methods that enabled getting these results. The measuring equipment, which enables new scientific breakthroughs in the fields of air chemistry and aerosol physics, has been developed in cooperation with spin-off companies (Airmodus Oy, Particle Size Magnifier, PSM; Karsa Oy, Chemical Ion-ization Mass Spectrometer, CI-APiTOF), and the Estonian Airel Ltd (Neutral Cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer, NAIS), among others.
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Journal References:
- M. Kulmala, V.-M. Kerminen, T. Petäjä, A. J. Ding, L. Wang. Atmospheric gas-to-particle conversion: why NPF events are observed in megacities? Faraday Discussions, 2017; 200: 271 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00257a
- Lei Yao, Olga Garmash, Federico Bianchi, Jun Zheng, Chao Yan, Jenni Kontkanen, Heikki Junninen, Stephany Buenrostro Mazon, Mikael Ehn, Pauli Paasonen, Mikko Sipilä, Mingyi Wang, Xinke Wang, Shan Xiao, Hangfei Chen, Yiqun Lu, Bowen Zhang, Dongfang Wang, Qingyan Fu, Fuhai Geng, Li Li, Hongli Wang, Liping Qiao, Xin Yang, Jianmin Chen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Douglas R. Worsnop, Markku Kulmala, Lin Wang. Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity. Science, 2018; 361 (6399): 278 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4839
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