Dengue fever, chikungunya: A potential vector discovered in Mayotte

The researchers went through the entire island with a fine-tooth comb in search of the slightest mosquito or larva. Their goal was to establish a complete inventory of Mahoran species. Thanks to detailed morphological studies and molecular sequencing of the collected specimens, entomologists were able to assemble a substantial diversity of species considering the small size of the region (376 km²). They listed 4 species of Stegomyia mosquito hitherto unknown, which they named Stegomyia pia. Its shiny black body is adorned with shimmering silvery or yellow scales – “pia” means “pretty” in Shimaore, the language of Mayotte. A pest in a flattering disguise…

Strong suspicions surround the new species

Stegomyia pia indeed has the potential to transmit serious viral diseases like dengue fever and chikungunya, which are rampant in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. It belongs to the same group as Aedes aegypti as well as Aedes albopictus, better known as the tiger mosquito. The species in this group are not only very similar in a morphological and physiological respect, but also have many life-cycle traits in common: preferred breeding areas for larvae, feeding habits, and longevity. All of them are known for transmitting infections through their bite. As the inventory was mainly based on aquatic larvae stages outside of the epidemic period, the scientists were not able to capture Stegomyia pia carrying one of these viruses in order to demonstrate its vector capacity, but grave suspicions surround this new species.

Learning more about transmitter mosquitoes

The 4^th species of Stegomyia in Mayotte appears to be endemic to the island: researchers have established that Stegomyia pia is an indigenous species, in other words not introduced from another region like its cousin the “tiger mosquito”, which comes from Southeast Asia. It seems to be a relatively abundant species, as it was identified in 6% of the 420 sampling sites, mainly in small amounts of water that collect in holes left by chopped trees and bamboo. The discovery of this new Mahoran species, a suspected vector, will tell researchers more about the mosquitoes that need to be dealt with, including their particular traits, behaviour and feeding habits, in order better to prevent the risk of transmission of the diseases. The research teams are now assessing the mosquito’s vector capacity and female adults’ preferences when it comes to hunting for blood.

Did you know?

Mayotte is a French overseas department and region (DROM) in the Indian Ocean. It forms part of the Comoros archipelago and is situated 250 km to the west of Madagascar. The island is densely populated, with more than 210,000 inhabitants.

Due to its geographic location and tropical climate, Mayotte is exposed to numerous health threats, in particular the risk of dengue fever and chikungunya epidemics. Chikungunya appeared there in 2004-2005. The year 2010 was marked by an epidemic of dengue fever and chikungunya. In 2012, 43 cases of dengue fever and a few cases of chikungunya were identified in Mayotte.

The symptoms of dengue fever and chikungunya include fever, headaches, vomiting, joint and muscle pains, contusions, and even haemorrhage. No treatment or vaccine has yet been found.