New Protein Encyclopedia Looks At Life As It Is Organized In Body, At Molecular Level

Professor Amos Bairoch, head of the SIB's Swiss-Prot group said: "If human DNA is the script of life, proteins are its actors, its living embodiment."

He added that the human genome-sequencing project produced a dictionary. This new encyclopaedia takes one major step further by looking at life as it is really organised in our body at the molecular level. The results will speed up the scientific work which aims to improve our quality of life. Particularly when it comes to understanding what life is, and how we can combat genetic-based diseases.

While proteins are the essence of life, when they become defective they can cause much suffering and often early death. Man's knowledge of proteins such as insulin and haemoglobins is crucial to combating diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, cystic fibrosis and haemophilia.

Professor Bairoch said, "The general public would understand some of the entries in our protein encyclopaedia. Insulin, for instance, is a small protein that controls glucose levels in our blood. The performance-booster EPO is the protein used illegally by some cyclists. In the human body it takes many forms. But we detect its use in sport because competitors use a manufactured form which is not natural."

The new protein encyclopaedia, which will evolve further as our knowledge is refined, now informs a major part of the work of thousands of health researchers around the word. The data covers 20,325 human proteins. The information could ultimately be used for developing exact treatments for individual patients based on an understanding of their specific protein set.

The breakthrough can be seen as one of the 21st century's major life science outcomes. It can help improve our chances of defeating a variety of diseases, by enabling researchers to model the interaction between individual patients, diseases and drugs.

Progress on the Human Protein Initiative (HPI) project has been rapid. Ten years ago, we had good data on less than 1000 proteins. Two years ago, we had good entries for 15,000, now the collection is complete. But one of the remaining challenges, though, is still to complete the same encyclopaedia of proteins for other animals.

Professor Bairoch said, "More than 45,000 scientific papers were read. We examined databases that were out there to get a picture of the knowledge which existed. We had to go out and find the material."

This new protein encyclopaedia is published online and available for free to users. In printed form, it would correspond to 57 volumes of about 1,000 pages each.